Rigging: Basics of Painting Weights

Hey guys, in this blog I'm going to talk about the basics of painting weights on a rig. In the left  image I have my model with  a rig skinned to it. If you have a rig but haven't skinned it to your model yet, you can skin it by going to the drop down menu on the upper left and selecting the "Rigging" option. From here go to the top menu, and select Skin->Bind Skin. 

This is how your model should appear when skinned. The joints should be in a rainbow like patter and the edges of the model rather dark. The weight tool allows you to control what joints control what part of your model. You paint these weights, and they can either restrict movement or allow a join to control a part of the model. Lets get into using the "Paint Skins Weights" tool.

The tool can be found under "Skin-> (Weight Maps)-> Paint Skin Weights."












The Tool will appear on your side toolbar as a square with a purple paintbrush. Double-click the tool.

Here we have the Paint Weight interface. There are several options located in this interface that we will go over later. Joints that can be painted will be located under influences, but if we notice, there are no joints found. Why? We need to select our model first, and then go to the paint weights tool.



Now that we have our model selected, we can see the list of joints inside our model, and the area they affect. In this case, I have the joint where the right clavicle should be selected. We can shades of color in near this area. This is the area this particular joint controls when moved. The shades of color resemble how much of this area is being controlled on the scale of black being 0% control, and white, being 100% control.

The blue resembles little control, and the red is near 100% control. For this "tutorial" we are going to go ahead and turn color ramp on. It's more vivid, and allows you to have more control over your model.

This is the join hierarchy. We can select joints and see what areas they affect here.

I am not going to go too in depth with this tutorial, so I will only explain the "paint operations," "value," and the first 3 "profiles."  When you start to paint your paintbrush will have a value set. When you paint, you are technically painting a value over the model. 0.0000 is no influence, and 1.000 is 100% influence. You can select ranges between these values and give some control to the joint. It really depends on what you need. Replace, under paint operation, replaces a value already set on the model with the value on you paint brush. I select a joint, and lets say an area on my model had .5 value, and I want that joint to have no control over that area so I set my value to zero and paint over that .5 area. The color will change to black, and the join no longer has control over that area. "Add" adds value to an area, pretty straight forward. "Scale" subtracts value from an area, and smooth more or less evenly distributes the values, making the paint smoother. You want to try and paint the area around the joint, and get rid of areas that are far from it.


Ok, so now here I have my model, with the clavicle joint selected (in light blue). My brush is a red circle with a triangle like shape in the center. My brush has a value set to zero. Watch what happens when I paint over the shoulder with green.

The area turns black. This shows that the joint no longer controls the side of the shoulder. Notice how my brush got larger. You can hold "B" and drag your mouse to change the size of your brush on the fly.











Here I finish painting over the upper part of the shoulder, but wait. It seems as if I have removed the area around the joint. I want to give it full control, so I am going to add a value of 1.000 and paint over the clavicle. Before I go to the side menu and change the value, there is a way to quickly switch from a lower value to a higher value. Hold "Cntrl" and paint. This changes the value to the "inverted" value, and allows you to paint with it as long as you have "control"selected. For example. My value is 0.000. The inverted value would be 1.000. What Maya does is it takes the inverted value to be the value you have set minus 1. It is a time saving shortcut that is noteworthy.


As you see here I have finished painting the weights around the clavicle. The joint selected will now control the faces in white when moved. This tool is incredibly important for animation, because it allows for cleaner movement and therefore cleaner animation.

An Animator's Fear

                             "Fear plagues every creative person to some degree..."

    I recently encountered an interesting article on Lynda.com, a database used for technical tutorials, written by Dermot O' Conner that talked about animators and their fear to be creative. This fear makes you scared to finish a project or even start one. Conner underwent this fear. He calls it a "demon," or an "insecurity complex." It leaves animators mentally phased. Work is hardly ever finished or shown. This leads to the animator never experiencing their own potential. Conner explains that when he was working as an assistant for a head animator, he would start to draw, but after the first line he would rip up the paper and start over because feared of failure. After two years he developed an insane mental block. One that took time and a little inspiration to over come.  The article states, "you must be self aware about how you approach you work, and do so in a healthy manner." I cannot stress enough how true this is. I often find myself in the same situation. The mind is an extremely powerful tool and has a large influence in events that happen in our daily lives. Being a rather young and inexperienced animator I have not found my niche in animation. I really have no idea what I'm good at in this field. As a result, I sometimes start work scared of failure, or even frustrated at the fact that I don't know what I'm good at. I get stressed and upset because of my inability to master certain concepts, such as modeling. I find myself sometimes dreading work or unmotivated to continue my projects because of fear of future failure. With this recent project, I have encountered a numerous amount of problems that have led me to fall behind, including the corruption of my project not once, but twice... This fear has really taken away my ability to animate to my full potential, and this article has helped me realize this.

     Conner talks about the method that helped him overcome this fear. Disney animator Shamus Culhane encountered the same fear when he was working on Snow White. Culhane's "cure" was to work fast, without worrying about the details. He got the idea on paper, and technically polished it later. His method involved changing his way of thinking. Instead of, "I am unhappy with my work it is terrible I'm going to start over," he goes to, "Alright, I have this idea, I'm going to see how I can make it come to life and improve my skills in this process. Failure is not an option." Problems are going to arise every once in awhile. It is inevitable. The way one thinks through these problems is how one learns and strengthens their skills. During these last two weeks of being plagued with technical errors, I have learned more about Maya and my technically skills improved. Conner says to "just do it." No matter how inexperienced you are, try it, and see what you can learn. This is exactly what I need do to in order to improve. I need to stop worrying about failure or my inexperience. I need to try and learn. I need to learn from mistakes and error. I need to over come this fear of being creative. I need to believe in myself. I need to BE myself.  Design what I want to design. It is that simple. Free your mind from the creative demons that lie in the depths of your subconscious. That is how one is successful. O'Conner's article helped me realize this. If you haven't already, give it a read.
http://www.lynda.com/articles/an-animator-conquers-his-fear

A New Project

Disclosure Face

As I begin to delve in farther into the world of animation, I have decided I want to explore 3D facial rigging and animation. For this project I came up with the idea of animating a simple walk cycle, and at the end having the character speak something. It isn't much of a story, but I really want to sharpen my skills in this area. I am not much of a modeler either, and I don't like it, but by modeling a human I can learn a thing or two about it.

         

Nathan Drake from Uncharted

     The inspiration from the facial rigging really came from two sources. Video games, and a EDM group called Disclosure. I really like rigging in general and I am really interested in learning the process of facial rigging. I want to make my animations speak. Disclosure has this face set up on the projector behind them lip syncing the words to the songs. I saw a video of a live concert and that also inspired me to start exploring this area of animation.

                                                                   

Basic walk cycle

I am also really wanting to learn how to animate a basic walk cycle. This is something I've never done before, and I feel like it is an essential skill to have as an animator.

Mudbox

    I also want to learn how to texture in Mudbox. Mudbox is used to make super precise textures. I am not much of an artist, but I really want to learn how to give life and colour to models.


   The idea/story for this project will be simple. I'll have a person walk over and pick up an object(maybe a ball or a stick). Then, he will look to the camera and say something. I just want to practice my rigging and my texturing skills. Since this is my first try at making a walk cycle I'm sure I'll encounter problems, but I will try my absolute best.

One Man Band

The animated short film, One Man Band,  created by Pixar tells the story of two musicians trying to win over the donation of a small child. The story was really well told. The plausible impossible played a huge role in this film, and it was fun to see how it all played out. There was no dialogue. The story was told in the entirely of music, actions, and facial expressions.

Examples of the plausible impossible in this film were the musicians, equipped with their arsenal of instruments, and the young child, with musical skills of Mozart. Toward the end of the film the child loses his gold coin that he/she was going to donate, takes a violin, and wins a bag FULL of gold coins. Realistically, that won't happen right away, but it was very funny to see it happen immediately because it led to lively expressions of jealousy from the musicians and it really moved the story forward. The sudden change in expression in all of the characters, especially in the child, were key in telling the story. The expressions allowed me as a view to really understand what the characters were feeling. I really like how Pixar exaggerated character elements and situations in this film. It gave the film a sense of humor and life. One element in the story that I want to apply in my future works was the use of facial expression. I love the way they were used and I really want to become a master in the area of facial rigging. One element in this project that I have already learned how to do is texturing and rigging the body as a whole. I enjoy doing both of these. Despite no dialogue, the creator told the story well using facial expressions. While 3 characters was enough to tell the story, I would've liked to see some bystanders in the story. I am curious to see how pixar would change the story then. Overall, I really enjoyed this Pixar short and it will be considered one of my favorites. I still remember watching this short after 10 years and I still really enjoy it. If you haven't already, give it a watch.
https://vimeo.com/15914491

Final: Special FX

Special Effects Final        

         For this project my group created a scene where josh was abducted by a UFO and taken to an alien planet. We filmed against a green screen so we could replace Josh's background in After Effects. Although the lighting could have been a little bit brighter, filming went well. Sierra was upstairs working on the UFO you see in this video. She used Maya to make it:

After filming, we took the footage and created a mask around Josh so he would blend in with the surroundings. There were a few problems encountered due to overexposure on Josh's face. All we did was trim the video and lower clip white to fix the problem. From there we just placed Josh in each scene. Sierra added a lights and a beam to the UFO to make it look like he was being transported into it. All was had to do from there was fade josh out as the light shone on him. During the shot where the spaceship was flying, all I did was have the background move while the saucer was in one place spinning, It was really simple to make and it turned out really cool.  Matt took screen shots of planets in Space Engine to provide us a variety of  backgrounds to choose from. We ended up going with this one:

The other backgrounds we used:

After that we touched it up by  adding sound effects and then we added a key light on Josh. This was an easy and fun project to make.  We could've done a little bit more with effects such as having Josh beamed down, but overall I am very satisfied with this project.

Project Tools

SaltShaker

To make this saltshaker, I used the create circle cool, and I created curves by selecting  the corner vertex and pushing then inwards. Then lofted, which is using the same shape to create a 3D version of the shape to create the altered circle, and created the body of the saltshaker. From there I gathered my basic skills to make the cap of the shaker. 

Polythingy

I created this polythingy, and used all of the different lights to light it up. I used the spot light, point light, area light, source light, and ambient light to create this beautiful work of abstract art. I placed them all accordingly to create the shadows.

Ice Cream

To create the bumps on the ice cream and cone I used something new that is called bump mapping, which is using a different texture We used the bump map Cloud to create the bumps. To animate the lazy Susan rotating I looped it using keyframes so that it would constantly rotate. 

Hammer

To make this hammer, I used the cut face tool, the bevel tool, and the extrude tool. The cut face tool allows you to select vertices from the shape and cut them from the face of the shape. The bevel tool expands a face of the shape into another smaller face that is similar to the face that you expanded from. The extrude tool extrudes a face from another face so you can create an endless row of faces :).

NURBS Cup

To create the glass cup, and the pot, I used NURBS. I used the curves tool to draw out one half of the cup and the pot, and then use the revolve tool to revolve the drawing around the y axis and make the shape 3D. I had a little trouble using this, sometimes the cup would come out too short or the base would be to sharp.

Bounce

For the bounce project, I watched videos of a tennis ball, a bowling ball, and a golf ball bounce, and I recreated it in Maya. To animate them, I set key frames of them bouncing up and down, and used the graph editor to make it smoother and more natural. 

Character story

For this project I used all the skills I gathered in After Effects, and I made a 2D character story animation. It tells the story about a blue bear named Blueberry, and his struggle to climb a tree and get a bee hive full of honey. I had to first storyboard the story and grab the whole idea and concept of the story, I drew it out, and then I scanned it to my computer. Using photoshop I was able to color in the bear and trace over the sketch to give him life. I made the tree, the beehive, and the background. Then I placed all of the layers into After Effects and started to animate. I learned how to make compositions into scenes, and I also learned how to reuse keyframes. I learned to scale objects to make medium and wide shots, and I used null objects to my advantage as well. I had to sort of rush this project due to deadlines, but overall it came out pretty well. Next time I would probably add more shots but I would make them short shots. They would be one or two seconds to add a little more flare and plot development. Now that I know how to compose a project like this, it would take less time next time, and I would have time to go back and make a couple of adjustments in the animation to make it a bit more fluid. Time management would be better next time as well.  For next time, I would keep the bear and just keep using the skills I've learned the same way I've been using them. For my next experience,  Im going to learn from the problem I had with laying out keyframes, and place them into a composition I can reuse to save time. In conclusion, this project came out pretty well. I think its the better project I've made.